Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition that can occur suddenly and without warning. It happens when the heart unexpectedly stops beating, cutting off blood flow to the brain and other vital organs. Every second counts in these situations, and knowing how to recognize the signs and take immediate action can save a life. In this post, we’ll cover the key signs of cardiac arrest and the steps you should take if someone experiences this medical emergency.
What Is Cardiac Arrest?
Cardiac arrest occurs when the heart’s electrical system malfunctions, causing the heart to stop beating properly. Unlike a heart attack, which happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked, cardiac arrest results in an immediate loss of heart function. If not treated right away, cardiac arrest can lead to death within minutes.
Recognizing the Signs of Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest often strikes without warning, but there are a few key signs to look out for:
1. Sudden Loss of Responsiveness
One of the most telling signs of cardiac arrest is a person’s sudden loss of consciousness. If someone collapses or becomes unresponsive, try to wake them up by shaking them gently or shouting their name. If they don’t respond, they may be in cardiac arrest.
2. No Normal Breathing
If a person is not breathing, or if their breathing is irregular, gasping, or extremely shallow, it could indicate cardiac arrest. You should check for breathing by watching the person’s chest to see if it rises and falls or by listening for the sound of breath.
3. No Pulse
If you’re trained to do so, check for a pulse. A lack of a pulse is a strong indicator of cardiac arrest, as the heart has stopped pumping blood through the body. However, if you’re unsure or unable to check for a pulse, move directly into CPR.
4. Chest Discomfort Before Collapsing
In some cases, a person may experience chest pain or discomfort shortly before collapsing. This symptom may be a warning sign of an impending cardiac arrest, and it should be taken seriously. If someone complains of chest pain, it’s important to seek medical help immediately.
5. Sudden Dizziness or Fainting
Dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting can also signal the onset of cardiac arrest. These symptoms are caused by a lack of blood flow to the brain. If someone experiences a sudden loss of balance or faints without explanation, this could be a precursor to cardiac arrest.
Immediate Action Steps for Cardiac Arrest
If you witness someone experiencing cardiac arrest, acting quickly can save their life. Here’s what you should do:
Step 1: Call 911
As soon as you notice someone is unresponsive and not breathing, call 911 or ask someone nearby to make the call. The quicker emergency medical services (EMS) arrive, the better the person’s chances of survival.
Step 2: Begin CPR
If the person is not breathing or only gasping, begin CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) immediately. Perform chest compressions at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, pressing down at least 2 inches into the chest. If you’re trained in full CPR, deliver rescue breaths after every 30 compressions.
Step 3: Use an AED If Available
If there is an Automated External Defibrillator (AED) nearby, use it as soon as possible. AEDs are simple to operate and guide you through the process with verbal instructions. The AED will analyze the person’s heart rhythm and deliver a shock if needed to restart the heart.
Step 4: Continue CPR Until Help Arrives
Keep performing CPR until emergency responders arrive or the person starts to show signs of life. If you become tired, try to have someone else take over, but don’t stop unless you absolutely have to.
The Importance of Quick Action
In cases of cardiac arrest, time is critical. Every minute that passes without CPR reduces the chance of survival by 7-10%. Immediate action—such as calling 911, starting CPR, and using an AED—can double or even triple the chances of survival.
Conclusion: Be Ready to Save a Life
Recognizing the signs of cardiac arrest and knowing how to respond can make all the difference in an emergency. By acting quickly, you can help save someone’s life before professional help arrives. It’s important to get trained in CPR and familiar with using an AED, so you’re prepared to act when it matters most.
To learn more about CPR and AED training or to become certified, visit Delphi CPR Training Center. Their courses will equip you with the life-saving skills needed to respond confidently in a cardiac emergency.